A United Nations panel found that as many as 40,000 Tamil civilians may have been killed in the final months of the civil war. The civil war ended in 2009 but there are continuing allegations of atrocities being committed by the Sri Lankan Military. The ensuing civil war resulted in the deaths of more than 100,000 people and the forced disappearance and rape of thousands of others. Rising ethnic and political tensions following the Sinhala Only Act, along with ethnic pogroms carried out by Sinhalese mobs in 1956, 1958, 1977, 19, led to the formation and strengthening of militant groups advocating independence for Tamils. Since Sri Lanka gained independence from Britain in 1948, relations between the majority Sinhalese and minority Tamil communities have been strained. Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are noted for their archaism and retention of words not in everyday use in Tamil Nadu, India. Since the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War in the 1980s, it is distinguished by an emphasis on themes relating to the conflict. Sri Lankan Tamil literature on topics including religion and the sciences flourished during the medieval period in the court of the Jaffna Kingdom. The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a significant Christian population.
According to the anthropological and archaeological evidence, Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history in Sri Lanka and have lived on the island since at least around the 2nd century BCE. Modern Sri Lankan Tamils descend from residents of the Jaffna Kingdom, a former kingdom in the north of Sri Lanka and Vannimai chieftaincies from the east. 70% of Sri Lankan Tamils in Sri Lanka live in the Northern and Eastern provinces. Today, they constitute a majority in the Northern Province, live in significant numbers in the Eastern Province and are in the minority throughout the rest of the country. Sri Lankan Tamils ( Tamil: இலங்கை தமிழர், ilankai tamiḻar ? or ஈழத் தமிழர், īḻat tamiḻar), also known as Ceylon Tamils or Eelam Tamils, are Tamils native to the South Asian island state of Sri Lanka.
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